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Wikipedia: Caffeine
Encyclopedia overview of caffeine pharmacology, dietary sources, metabolism, acute effects, dependence, and toxicity framing—navigation only for exercise-performance statistics.
Scope
Summarises adenosine-receptor antagonism, half-life, beverage caffeine content, sleep interaction, and toxic dose orders of magnitude—useful vocabulary when reading pre-exercise supplement trials.
Evidence boundary
Pooled ergogenic SMDs, GRADE judgments, and domain-specific forest plots belong to the PubMed-linked umbrella review on caffeine-ergogenic-supplementation—not Wikipedia tables.
Pairing
grgic-2020-caffeine-exercise-umbrella-bjsm— quantitative umbrella of 21 meta-analyses on performance endpoints.guest-2021-issn-caffeine-exercise-position-stand— ISSN dose / timing / genetics consensus layer next to the umbrella statistics.creatine-monohydrate-supplementation— distinct phosphocreatine supplement literature; occasional co-use in training studies does not merge evidence streams here.
Outcomes
- otherTertiary overview: mechanism and consumer context only; verify any performance or safety claim in linked PubMed sources.