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Breakfast skipping and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Meta-analysis of nine prospective cohorts (242,095 participants): breakfast skipping associated with higher pooled hazards of all-cause (HR 1.27), cardiovascular (HR 1.28), and cancer (HR 1.34) mortality versus regular breakfast consumption, with very low to low GRADE certainty and sensitivity-analysis instability.

Design

  • SR + MA of prospective cohorts through Jul 2023
  • Final set: 9 cohorts; 242,095 adults (6 cohorts contributed to all-cause mortality)

Pooled hazard ratios vs regular breakfast (random effects; abstract)

  • All-cause mortality: HR 1.27 (95% CI 1.07–1.51; I² = 77%)
  • CVD mortality: HR 1.28 (1.10–1.50; I² = 0%)
  • Cancer mortality: HR 1.34 (1.11–1.61; I² = 0%)

Evidence hygiene

Observational definitions of skipping vary; residual confounding (shift work, socioeconomic, smoking) is likely—authors flag sensitivity-analysis instability and GRADE very low / low.

Publication

Wang Y, Li F, Li X, et al. Food Funct. 2024 Jun 4;15(11):5703–5713. PMID 38738978.

Outcomes

  • All-Cause Mortality Risk
    Events: /
  • Cardiovascular Mortality Rate
    Events: /
  • All-Cause Mortality Risk
    Events: /
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