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Acute cold water immersion increases circulating norepinephrine and dopamine
Study showing 20 minutes of cold water immersion (14°C) increases plasma norepinephrine 200-300% and dopamine 50%, elevating mood and alertness for 2-3 hours.
Neurotransmitter Response
- Norepinephrine: +200-300%
- Dopamine: +50%
- Effects peak at 20 min immersion
Mood Enhancement
Self-reported alertness and positive mood elevated for 2-3 hours post-immersion.
Outcomes
- Norepinephrine Level250
- Dopamine Level50