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The effects of forest therapy on the blood pressure and salivary cortisol levels of urban residents: a meta-analysis
2022 meta-analysis synthesizing trials of forest therapy among urban residents reporting blood pressure and salivary cortisol outcomes—relevant when the question is cardiometabolic stress reactivity, not only subjective relaxation.
Population angle
Explicitly frames evidence around urban residents, matching how many readers first encounter shinrin-yoku programs (city-adjacent forests, park prescriptions).
Outcomes
Pooled signals for SBP/DBP and salivary cortisol should be read alongside older BP-only forest meta-analyses to see whether effect directions converge.
Caveats
Check inclusion criteria (hypertension diagnosis vs normotensive stress lab), session length, and comparator type (urban walk vs office rest).
Outcomes
- Systolic Blood PressureMeta-analysis reports pooled blood pressure effects of forest therapy vs control in urban residents (see primary text)
- Cortisol LevelMeta-analysis reports pooled salivary cortisol changes with forest therapy (see primary text)