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Meta-analysis of self-reported daytime napping and risk of cardiovascular or all-cause mortality
Meta-analysis of seven prospective cohort studies (98,163 adults) found self-reported daytime napping associated with higher all-cause mortality (pooled RR 1.15) versus no napping, while pooled cardiovascular mortality did not reach significance (RR 1.19, CI crossing 1.0).
Design
- Studies: 7 prospective cohorts, 98,163 participants
- Exposure: self-reported daytime napping vs non-nappers
- Endpoints: all-cause and cardiovascular mortality
Pooled associations (random-effects)
- All-cause mortality: RR 1.15 (95% CI 1.07–1.24) for nappers vs non-nappers
- CV mortality: RR 1.19 (95% CI 0.97–1.48) — CI includes 1.0
- Duration split (authors): >60 min nap RR 1.15 (1.04–1.27); <60 min RR 1.10 (0.92–1.32)
Evidence hygiene
Observational self-report—confounding by sleep debt, OSA, shift work, and illness behaviour is likely; use next to newer HR-based nap meta-analyses already on daytime-napping.
Publication
Liu X, et al. Med Sci Monit. 2015 Jun 12;21:1879-1885. PMID 25937468.
Outcomes
- All-Cause Mortality RiskEvents: /
- Cardiovascular Mortality RateEvents: /