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Effect of Yoga and Walking on Glycemic Control for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
PRISMA systematic review of 16 RCTs (n=1820) in type 2 diabetes on oral hypoglycemic therapy: versus control, yoga produced larger mean reductions in fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR than walking; walking still beat control for fasting glucose and HbA1c.
Design
- SR + MA (RevMan); PROSPERO CRD42022310213
- 16 RCTs; n = 1820; ages 17–75 y; all on OHA
- Arms: yoga, walking, control (no regular exercise)
Yoga vs control (abstract mean differences)
- FBG: −31.98 mg/dL (95% CI −47.93 to −16.03)
- PPBG: −25.59 mg/dL (−44.00 to −7.18)
- HbA1c: −0.73% (−1.24 to −0.22)
- Fasting insulin: −7.19 μIU/mL (−12.10 to −2.28)
- HOMA-IR: −3.87 (−8.40 to −0.66)
Walking vs control
- FBG: −12.37 mg/dL (−20.06 to −4.68)
- HbA1c: −0.35% (−0.70 to −0.01)
Yoga vs walking (head-to-head abstract contrasts)
- FBG and HbA1c favoured yoga; fasting insulin / HOMA-IR contrasts crossed null in abstract CIs—read forest plots before overclaiming insulin superiority.
Publication
Dhali B, Chatterjee S, Sundar Das S, et al. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc. 2023;38(2):113-122. PMID 38045671.
Outcomes
- HbA1c (Glycated Hemoglobin)-0.73% (Absolute Change)
- HbA1c (Glycated Hemoglobin)-0.35% (Absolute Change)
- Yoga vs control fasting glucose −31.98 mg/dL (95% CI −47.93 to −16.03); walking vs control −12.37 mg/dL (−20.06 to −4.68) per abstract.